Chapter 4 Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, students should be able to:
- Contextualize the influence of both American traditions and international styles on crafts of the 1920s
- Explain why many of the progressive makers of the 1920s were from abroad, and cite the influences of foreign styles on traditional American styles
- Discuss the changing opinion of crafts within mainstream American society
- Explain how an interest in "modern" craft developed as a result of the popularity of Art Deco
- Explain the difference between industrial design and mass-produced crafts, and discuss the impact of modernism on their separation
- Discuss the impact of regional craft revivals and modernism on the growing debate between hand-made and machine-made goods in the 1920s
- Discuss the impact of missionary work and cottage industries on reviving Native American and rural craft traditions throughout the country
- Debate the positive and negative impacts of consumerism on crafts in the 1920s
- Explain the role of education institutions and organizations in cultivating an identity for American craft, and introducing minorities and women to crafts
- Discuss how the term "primitive" is used to broadly describe different groups. Recognize why there was an interest in "primitive" arts and how it helped makers whose origins were from, for example, the Southwest and the Southeast
Chapter 4 Resource Lists
Here you will find useful reference lists associated with Chapter 4. Scroll down to view all resources, or select from the following to go directly to any category:
SUPPLEMENTARY READING (Chapter 4)
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CERAMISTS (Chapter 4)
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FIBER AND TEXTILE ARTISTS (Chapter 4)
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METALSMITHS (Chapter 4)
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WOODWORKERS AND FURNITURE DESIGNERS (Chapter 4)
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ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS (Chapter 4)
- Bertram Goodhue
- Pola Hoffman
- Wolfgang Hoffman
- Ely Jacques Kahn
- Richard Neutra
- Winold Reiss
- Eero Saarinen
- Eliel Saarinen
- Rudolph Schindler
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BUSINESS AND GALLERY OWNERS (Chapter 4)
- Abe Cohn
- Amy Cohn
- Clementine Douglas
- Frances Louisa Goodrich
- Thomas Keams
- Herman Schweizer
- Fred L. Seely
- Joseph Urban
- Wilmer Stone Viner
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EDUCATORS (Chapter 4)
- Jane Addams
- George Booth
- John C. Campbell
- Olive Dame Campbell
- William Frost
- Lucy Morgan
- Eleanor Vance
- Edward Worst
- Charlotte Yale
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PAINTERS, PHOTOGRAPHERS & SCULPTORS (Chapter 4)
- William Merritt Chase
- Edward S. Curtis
- Fernand Léger
- Paul Manship
- Mariet Nutting
- Pablo Picasso
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PATRONS (Chapter 4)
- Bill Lippincott
- Sallie Lippincott
- Mr. and Mrs. C.P. Ryman
- George Vanderbilt
- Mrs. George (Edith) Vanderbilt
- Mary Cabot Wheelwright
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PUBLIC LIFE (Chapter 4)
- Calvin Coolidge
- Warren G. Harding
- Herbert Hoover
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SCHOLARS, LEADERS, CURATORS, WRITERS & CRITICS (Chapter 4)
- Janet Berlo
- Adolfo Best-Maugard
- John Collier
- Harold Sellers Colton
- Mary-Russell Ferrell Colton
- Thomas Craven
- René D'Harnoncourt
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- J. Walter Fewkes
- Roger Fry
- Edgar Lee Hewett
- George Wharton James
- Elizabeth Lounsberg
- Otis T. Mason
- William Morris
- Franc J. Newcomb
- Ruth Phillips
- Helen Plumb
- Reginald Poland
- Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
- Charles Richards
- John Ruskin
- William Zorach
- Charles Zug
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EVENTS (Ch. 4)
- Armory Show of 1913
- Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago (1933)
- Gallup Ceremonial
- Golden Gate International Exposition, San Francisco (1939)
- Great Depression
- Hopi Craftsman Exhibition
- Louisiana Purchase Universal Exposition, Saint Louis (1904)
- Panama-California Exposition, San Diego (1915@-16)
- Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco (1915)
- Paris Exposition of 1925
- Reconstruction era
- Santa Fe Indian Market
- Smith-Hughes Act of 1917
- World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago (1893)
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INSTITUTIONS & ORGANIZATIONS (Ch. 4)
- Adamson House
- Alfred University, College of Ceramics
- American Academy in Rome
- American Ceramics Society
- American Federation of the Arts (AFA)
- Appalachian School
- Art Institute of Chicago
- Arts School of the Detroit Society of Arts and Crafts
- Berea College
- Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution
- Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Bureau of Industrial Art
- Bureau of Labor
- Carnegie Institute of Technology
- Cleveland Museum
- Cleveland School of Art
- College for Creative Studies
- Cranbrook Academy of Art
- Crow House
- Detroit School of Design
- Detroit Society of Arts and Crafts
- Deutscher Werkbund
- Finch School
- Freemasons
- Greenfield Village
- Greenwich Village
- Hindman Settlement School
- Hull-House
- Indian Arts and Crafts Board
- John C. Campbell Folk School
- John Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis
- Kunstgewerbeschule
- Metropolitan Museum of Art
- Modern Art School
- Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)
- Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
- Museum of Navajo Ceremonial Arts, Santa Fe
- Museum of Northern Arizona
- National Arts Club
- Newark Museum
- Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
- Philadelphia Museum and School of Industrial Art
- Pi Beta Phi Settlement School
- Russell Sage Foundation
- San Diego Museum of Art
- Shuttle Craft Guild
- Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture
- Society of Arts and Crafts, Boston (SACB)
- Southern Highlands Handicraft Guild
- Weaving Cabin
- Weaving Institute
- Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian
- Wiener Werkstätte
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BUSINESSES (Ch. 4)
- Allanstand Cottage Industries
- American Designers' Gallery
- Ben Owen Pottery
- Biltmore Estate Industries
- California Art Tile
- California Clay Products
- Catawba Valley pottery
- Clay Glow Tile
- Claycraft
- Country Roads, Inc.
- Cowan Pottery Studio
- Department stores
- Fred Harvey Company
- Georgia Art Pottery
- Goodnow and Jenks
- Gorham Manufacturing Company
- Grafton Gallery
- Homer Laughlin China Company
- Hull-House Kilns
- Inwood Potteries
- Jugtown Pottery
- Jugtown Pottery
- Malibu Potteries
- Meaders Pottery
- Montross Gallery
- Nonconnah Pottery
- Old Plank Road Pottery
- Onondaga Pottery Company
- Penland Weavers and Potters
- Pewabic Pottery
- Pinkham Associates
- Pisgah Forest Pottery
- Rose Iron Works
- Spinning Wheel
- Syracuse China
- Villa Handicrafts
- W. & J. Sloane
- Wallace Nutting Period Furniture
- Weave Shop
- Wedgwood pottery
- Wide Ruins Trading Post
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PUBLICATIONS (Ch. 4)
- Craft Horizons magazine
- Everywoman's Magazine
- Fashion Digest
- House and Garden magazine
- Index of American Design
- International Studio magazine
- Ladies' Home Journal
- New Yorker magazine
- The Shuttle-Craft Guild Bulletin
- Vogue magazine
- Atwater, Mary Meigs: The Shuttlecraft Book of American Hand-Weaving, The Shuttle-Craft Book of American Hand-Weaving, Recipe Book
- Frazier Winter, Thelma
- Poor, Henry Varnum: A Book of Pottery
- Eaton, Allen: Handicrafts of the Southern Highlands, Handicrafts of New England, Immigrant Gifts to American Life
- Frankl, Paul: Form and Re-Form
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STYLES & MOVEMENTS (Ch. 4)
- Art deco
- Art nouveau
- Art pottery
- Arts and Crafts movement
- Batik textiles
- Bauhaus
- Beaux-Arts style
- Colonial revival
- Cottage industries
- Craft education
- Cubism
- English Arts and Crafts
- Handwork
- Hispano-Moresque style
- Jazz music
- Manual-training movement
- Mass production
- Medieval period
- Modernism
- Morality
- Muresque tiles
- Neoclassicism
- Occupational therapy
- Primitive art
- Prohibition
- Reform movements
- Settlement houses
- Southern Highlands
- Spanish colonial style
- Studio pottery
- Utopianism
- Women's Movement
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